Argumenantive Essay on Computer Communication in The Modern World

Computer Screen Communication: Is It an Important Advancement or a Dangerous Trap? Getting to know people from all over the world and sending them instant messages is no longer a dream. It has become a part of our daily routine since computer-based communication programmes were invented. However, people are starting to doubt that this dream was worth fulfilling. It goes without saying that the invention of the Internet has greatly benefitted us. It has cut the distances between the people short and enabled us to meet people from other countries. Nowadays people living in different parts of the globe have a chance to become friends and learn about each other’s cultures. However, this type of communication entails certain risks. On realizing the anonymity of Internet communication some people create a completely new virtual identity which has nothing to do with their real personality. For them the Internet is a kind of escape into a better reality, where they are more successful. Needless to say, it is much more attractive than their daily routine and causes unhealthy addiction. Another risk related to the Internet communication is that it is a breeding ground for various scams who try to swindle Internet users out of their money using cunning schemes. Many people would say that telecommuting deserves special mentioning as it has given people an opportunity to work from home and make their working schedule more flexible. Nevertheless it also cuts both ways. It has deprived employees of personal contact with colleagues and forced them to look for other ways to satisfy their need for socializing.

Essay On Paranoia In 1984 - 1001 Words

Fear a powerful emotion, once it is born it is merely impossible for it to perish. Fear corrupts, tortures, and haunts all. Humans have a horror encrypted into their core. With the power of holding ones fear forms the feeling of paranoia leading to the most holiest power of all, control. Throughout history paranoia has been used to control mass populations and indoctrinate their mind. A common example of this, is the reign of Joseph Stalin; dictator of the Soviet Union who used the paranoia of death and being sent to concentration camp to control his citizens and sustain power. George Orwell, a man who recognized this demoralizing form of dictatorship and was terrified, of what might come if no one rebelled against this. Furthermore he†¦show more content†¦This tactic of control used by the party, was the uncomforting feeling of not being able to trust nor admire anyone in Oceania besides the Party and Big Brother . Winstons paranoia occurred because the Party programmed hi s mind to believe he could not trust anyone and if he did he would be vanished. Due to this belief imprinted on his mind he began to worry that Julia would deceive him, furthermore accumulating to his paranoia . Part of human nature is love and devotion into another human being, by the Party removing this from our morals comes the fear to love and be vulnerable as portrayed through Winston. The panic of getting turned down or in this case potentially killed due to having affection towards another tends to cause paranoia in Winstons life. The fear of being insane is developed continuously through Winston in the novel. While Winston was being tortured at the Ministry of Love the thought of him being insane began to invade his mind. This occurrence happened because Winston was constantly being told he was â€Å"mentally deranged† (Orwell 245) and he â€Å"suffers from a defective memory† (Orwell 245) . O’Brine claimed too Winston how the Party will â€Å"burn all evil and all illusion out of him† (Orwell 255) and how they will â€Å"make the brain perfect before they burn it out† (Orwell 255). The idea of Winston being â€Å"ill† and having an issue began to slowly torment him, yet this wasShow MoreRelatedThe Spy and The Bravo785 Words   |  3 Pagesexample of a spy novel is by an American novelist James Fenimore Cooper; The spy (1821) and The Bravo (1831). Spy fiction would mostly be influenced by events that have occurred in the real world such as, the Cold War, which will be discussed in this essay and how it became to influence the writing of spy fiction and how it built its popularity in the literature world. The Cold War emerged in 1946 due to the tension between the western powers (USA, UK, Europe and Canada) and the Soviet Union, which includedRead MoreEssay Compare and Contrast Themes of Brave New World and 19841174 Words   |  5 PagesScience Fiction Essay Two classic novels, 1984 written by George Orwell and Brave New World penned by Aldous Huxley both possess similar topics and themes. In both novels societies are striving for a utopia, or a perfect society. These novels also take place in societies with versions of totalitarian governments, which is a government that rules by coercion. Not only are the topics similar, but in both novels a rebellious character is the protagonist; Winston Smith from 1984 and John the SavageRead MoreEssay about 1984 and Brave New World1304 Words   |  6 Pages1984 and Brave New World Undoubtedly, the thought of living in, or forming a utopian society has flashed through nearly every person’s mind. A few people have even tried to make this ideal dream society a reality. Unfortunately, within the pursuit of these societies the leaders become corrupt and begin to become paranoid with the fear of rebellion. Hundreds of people were murdered during the reigns of Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin in what they considered measures to maintain peace and stabilityRead More1984 Ap Essay890 Words   |  4 Pages1976. The conflict created when the will of an individual opposes the will of the majority is the recurring theme of many novels, plays, and essays. Select the work of an essayist who is in opposition to his or her society; or from a work of recognized literary merit, select a fictional character who is in opposition to his or her society. In a critical essay, analyze the conflict and discuss the moral and ethical implications for both the individual and the soci ety. Do not summarize the plot or actionRead More`` Invading Our Privacy `` : How Technology Can Make People Expose Their Privacy Online1217 Words   |  5 Pagestheir communities. David Plotz, a writer and deputy editor of Slate, wrote an essay entitled â€Å"Privacy is Overrated† to talk about how personal privacy is a myth. In the other side, David Schinke, editor chief of Utne Reader, wrote an essay entitled â€Å"Invading Our Privacy† to persuade how technology can make people expose their privacy online. Both essays created two different perspectives on personal privacy. One essay discussed what the nostalgias’ perspective of personal privacy is and how the societyRead More`` Invading Our Privacy `` : How Technology Can Make People Expose Their Privacy Online1300 Words   |  6 Pageswatching them. David Plotz, a writer and deputy editor of Slate, wrote an essay entitled â€Å"Privacy is Overrated† to talk about how personal privacy is a myth. In the other side, David Schinke, chief editor of Utne Reader, wrote an essay entitled â€Å"Invading Our Privacy† to persuade how technology can make people expose their privacy online. Both essays created two different perspectives on personal privacy. However, one author essay organized his paper for the audience to understand where he provided specificRead MoreFrancess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March1623 Words   |  7 PagesBond-Theriault 2nd period 22 March 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his penRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin s The Declaration Of Independence 1116 Words   |  5 PagesAdnan Eid Midterm essay Pop culture In 1755, Benjamin Franklin stated in a letter to the colonial governor â€Å"Those who would give up essential Liberty to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety.† This letter was about raising money through taxation in order to use the money to provide better defense against French and Indian attacks. This quote is used today in the context of liberty and security. 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Revolution has been both glorified and criticized in human society, but no matter the cause, it is a fundamental change in the status quo. When revolution boils down, it comes to passion, but also the willingness of the few to take great risks for the many. George Orwell’s 1984 returns again and again to a struggle

Uranium Mining in Australia Free Essays

string(111) " mainly technical limitations not all of the Uranium present in the ore can be removed in the milling process\." In the last forty years, Uranium has become one of the worlds most important energy minerals. Primarily, Uranium produced in Australia has used for the sole production of electricity. However a small proportion of the Uranium mined is for important medical isotopes. We will write a custom essay sample on Uranium Mining in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is for this reason that Uranium mining is an ever-important and pressing point of discussion. Mining itself has been criticized for the massive effect it on the environment around it. Uranium mining is no different, and more often then not, the after effects of Uranium mining are more detrimental to the environment. Unlike other mining, Uranium mining has also caused a major stir in the actual use of the Uranium after it has been mined. The environmental problems of Uranium mining go further then the actual mining and by products. The uses of Uranium have been seen as risky and dangerous. Using Uranium as a source of energy has already shown the disastrous effects. The melt down at Chernobyl is still causing health problems in citizens after 30 years. On the upside, Uranium mining creates employment and boosts the Australian Economy. It is for these reasons that Uranium Mining is a process that needs to be looked at carefully before any judgements are made on it’s future in Australia. Chemistry Of Uranium and Uranium Mining In the Earth’s crust, mineral Uranium averages about two parts per million. Traces of Uranium occur just about everywhere on earth. In Australia, the existence of uranium has been noted since the 1890’s. In 1930, ores were mined at Radium Hill in South Australia for minute deposits of Radium. The Radium was used for medical purposes. As a result of the Radium mining, a couple of hundred kilograms of uranium was obtained and used exclusively to produce colours in glass and ceramics. In 1954 the Government started up a major uranium producer in Run Jungle, known as Rum Jungle Mine. Because of this Australia began to emerge as a potential source of uranium for the world’s nuclear electricity production. 1970’s large amounts of Uranium deposits were found dotted around Australia. This signaled the start of mines in the Northern Territory such as Ranger and Jabiluka, and also in South Australia with Olympic Dam. Uranium is found rocks of the earth’s crust, at 4 parts per million. The extraction (removal) or mining process varies from where the uranium ore deposits are found. Surface cut techniques are used where the uranium ore if found close to the surface. Surface cut mines involved the uranium being found close to the surface, so the uranium is removed from a shallow pit. Fig 1. 0 Ranger Mine found in the Northern Territory. The uranium ore is removed via the open cut mining method. Underground mining is used when the ore is found deep underground. In this process, the ore is removed in a similar fashion to copper; the mine is built in the ground. Olympic Damn Mine in South Australia, relies on the underground mining process. Another way to remove ore is called In-Situ Leaching. It is a popular way to mine Uranium, as it doesn’t affect the landscape as much as open cut or underground mining. It is used to remove Uranium filled sand that is found in water in a porous rock, which itself confined in a non-porous rock. In situ leaching involves a leaching liquid (ammonium-carbonate or sulfuric acid) pumped through drill- holes into underground uranium deposits, with the uranium bearing liquid is pumped out from below. Ore mined in open pit or underground mines, unlike in situ leaching, has to be crushed and leached in a uranium mill. A Uranium mill is a chemical plant designed to extract uranium from ore. It is usually located near the mines to limit transportation. In the most cases, sulfuric acid is used as the leaching agent, but alkaline leaching can also used. As the leaching agent not only extracts uranium from the ore, but also several other constituents like molybdenum, vanadium, selenium, iron, lead and arsenic, the uranium must be separated out of the leaching solution. The final product produced from the mill, commonly referred to as â€Å"yellow cake† (U3O8 with impurities), is packed and shipped in casks. The reaction between the uranium ore and sulfuric acid. The UO2 is then oxidised. In some cases uranium has been removed from low-grade ore by a process called heap leaching. This may be done if the uranium contents are too low for the ore to be economically processed in a uranium mill. Heaping leaching is performed by using a leaching liquid (often sulfuric acid) being introduced to the top of the pile of ore. The acid or leaching liquid, percolates down until it reaches a liner below the pile or ore, where it is caught and pumped to a processing plant. This liquid contains the uranium. During leaching, the piles of ore present a hazard because of the risk of release of dust, radon gas and leaching liquid. (referenced from Hardy, C J, 1978, The Chemistry of Uranium Milling, Radiochimica Acta 25, 121-134) Nuclear Mining and Milling has a serious social relevance. The tailings from the Uranium mining have serious health risks and environmental hazards. There are many serious environmental arguments over the mining of Uranium. The mining process itself in Australia has strict guidelines, yet the waste products from the mining process still have an extremely detrimental effect on the environment. Uranium mill tailings (or waste products from the crushing and leaching of the ore) are normally dumped as sludge in special ponds or piles (heaps). These piles/ponds are then abandoned. The amount of sludge produced is roughly equal to that of the ore milled. Long-living decay products such as the radioactive elements Thorium-230 and Radium-226 are not removed from the sludge. This means that the sludge contains over half of the initial radioactivity of the ore. As well as this, unfortunately, due to mainly technical limitations not all of the Uranium present in the ore can be removed in the milling process. You read "Uranium Mining in Australia" in category "Essay examples" Therefore, the sludge (which is the waste product) still contains at least 5% of the uranium present in the ore to start off with. The sludge also contains a variety of heavy metals and other contaminants. These include arsenic, as well as the highly corrosive chemical reagents used during the milling process (such as the sulfuric acid used in leaching). The mining and milling process fundamentally removes the hazardous constitutes in the ore from their relatively safe underground location. Mined Uranium itself does not emit hazardous radiation. Radium-226 found in the tailings continuously decays to the radioactive gas Radon-222. Radon-222 has a decay product that has been thought to cause lung cancer. Radon releases are a major hazard that continues even after uranium mines are shut down. The Radon can escape from the interior of the tailing piles or sludge. Since radon spreads quickly with the wind, many people receive small additional radiation doses. However, in Australia the majority of mines are based away from residential or populated areas. It is a concern for workers though, but with safety apparatus, the risk factor is non-existent. Tailing deposits are also subject to many different kinds of erosion. During and after a heavy rainfall, erosion gullies can form where the tailing deposits are left. Floods can destroy the whole deposit, leaving it dispersed everywhere. Interestingly enough, plants and burrowing animals can penetrate into the deposit and disperse the material, which subsequently enhances the radon emanation and make the deposit more susceptible to erosion. When the surface of the pile dries out, the fine sands are blown by the wind over adjacent areas. Erosion leaves the tailing deposits at a risk of dispersion. Seepage from tailing piles is another major hazard. Seepage poses a risk of contamination to ground and surface water. This water can be transferred to fish that swim in the water, then to whoever consumes the fish. Tailings dams are more often then not, not of stable construction. In most cases, they were made from sedimentation of the tailing sludge. Some are even built on geologic faults. This means that they are at greater risk of an earthquake. Strong rain or snowstorms can also cause dam failures. It is of no surprise that time after time dam failures have occurred. It was thought that bringing the tailings back to where the ore was mined would be an acceptable solution for the tailing disposal. Even though most of the Uranium was removed from the material, it did not mean the material was less hazardous. Most of the contaminants are still present. It is because of the processes the materials have to go through to extract the uranium which leaves the material in a condition where the contaminants are much more mobile (sludge and sand), therefore the material susceptible to migration into the environment. In most cases, tailings have to be dumped on the surface for lack of other options. Here, the protection requirements can more easily be controlled by appropriate methods, but additional measures have to be performed to assure protection from erosion. Uranium mining has also caused some concerns because of where the ore deposits are located. Jabiluka mine is in the heart of Kakadu, a National Park, and also in the mines in the Arnhem region. Aboriginal communities are against the mine sites as they are on their cultural land and heritage. It can be argued however, that with strict regulations in the mining and milling of Uranium, the environmental effects and cultural disturbances can be minimal. The mine-tailing dam should for one not be built on a geological fault. This itself is an obvious way of minimizing the risk of contaminants being released. The site should not be located anywhere near or in the flood plain of rivers, and the level of the dam should be deep. If there is any seepage from the tailing dam, it shouldn’t pose a risk to the ground water. During investigation of the site, ground water flow has to be monitored, to allow development of computer based three- dimensional ground water models. These models can be used for prediction of effects of supposed or real contaminant releases. This in itself can show the health and risk factor in the mine tailing. With this technology, we can work towards finding out ways in which to minimize the risks involved with the tailings. The deposits of the clay appropriate for lining and covering the deposit should not be located too far away, and the site should be remote from residential areas. It’s these basic guidelines, that when followed, make Uranium mining and milling quite safe and not hazardous to the environment or people (taken from OECD NEA 1993, The Safety of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, ch 2) To increase the safety of a tailing deposit area, be it a damn or a pile, certain management are applied to reduce the risk of hazardous contaminants being released into the environment. Dewatering of the sludge, smoothing of the slopes, and installation of erosion protection. On top of the pile, an appropriate cover should be installed for protection against release of gamma radiation and radon gas, beginning of precipitation, intrusion of the plants and animals, and erosion. This cover in most cases consists of several different layers to meet all requirements. Moreover, the catchement collection and treatment of seepage water is necessary to release purified waters to the surface water only. In the long term however, water treatment should no longer be necessary. Uranium mining, despite the outcry against the environmental problems it can cause, is quite a positive and good thing for the Australian society. Through the mining and milling process, jobs are created and new skills gained. Unemployment is a big issue in Australia, and by boosting the employment rate, essentially boosting the economy. Uranium mining also brings Australia money through exports. In 1997-98 Australian Uranium accounted for 15 per cent of world production, worth about $288 million to Australia. (Lambert et al, 1996, Australia’s Uranium Resources, BRS (expenditure, early resource) Fig 1. 1 Showing the amount of money Uranium export brings Australia Taken from: ‘Australia’s Uranium and who owns It’ Briefing Paper (Found at http://www. uic. com. au/nip01. htm) Advancements in mining technology will mean that hazardous contaminants in the Uranium tailings can be removed before the sludge is dumped in dams or piles. By doing so, the sludge piles/dams would be of no hazard to the environment and could be used to fill back up the mining sites. At the moment there are strict laws that govern Australian these laws and mine sites, are in place to minimize the risk of hazardous radiation being released from the waste piles (tailing dams, sludge piles etc). Only the future can tell what Uranium holds for us. Uranium mining at the present moment has a lot of controversy surrounding it, and the effects on the environment and cultural groups. It has to be realised that the laws governing Uranium Mining in Australia are strict and dictate how Uranium mining is undertaken. This means that there is little to no risk of the tailings being deposited on ‘risky’ sites, and the risk of hazardous contaminants being released into the environment are small. By being sensitive to the views and culture of the Indigenous people, and involving them in decisions surrounding the mine, it won’t be long until mining companies and these people come to an understanding or agreement. How to cite Uranium Mining in Australia, Essay examples

Assignement Essay Example For Students

Assignement Essay a)Gerasimov has this theory that the American population human rights are just an illusion. In his opinion, human rights are about: have the opportunity to work, deprived of decent housing, decent education, proper health care, food and security for old age. Now we know that the communist community gave those rights to their population. So if Gerasimov looks at the American population our values and economic system is very different. But for him if youre not guarantied a job than youre not free at all. But the American government cant guaranty a job for everyone because its economy is based on the capitalist system, which is private property. Mr. Gersimov is also talking about the homeless people in this richest country by giving the example of homeless people living on the streets of Washington richest neighborhoods. He also talked about the right of free higher education which gave the equal opportunity for everyone to be able to achieve a career goals without depending of youre fi nancial status. In fact he is saying that in the USA, the rich are passing on their predominant positions to their own children. b)I do not agree with the Article 50 at all because I dont believe that citizens were free at all. People were reporting at each other in case you were not acting like a true socialist. For me this is not true freedom, freedom of speech means you are aloud to say what you think and how you feel and you should not be punished. Also this article 50 is saying that citizens were free to do assembly, meetings, street processions and demonstrations. I dont think the communist party would have let people do meetings against the communist party then this is not true freedom because here for example you are aloud to do so. I dont agree at all with the reasoning of Mr. Gersimov because have a job for 100% means you make money 100%. But if sure to have a job this doesnt mean that you free, it only gives you a way better life style. Of course they will be homeless people in America because they cant guarantee a job for everyone and that there will be a big gab between rich and poor but youre all owed to say what you feel and vote for whom you wish. Based on those example I feel that Mr. Gersimov is not telling both side of the story only the one that will make USSR seen better by far. a)You were supposed to like socialism and other socialist countries. You weresuppose to work hard for your society and to be concern for preservation and growth of public wealth. They were also saying that you had a duty; witch was to be intolerant of actions harmful to the public interest. Also they were promoting that you should love the next like your brother and friend. Honesty, moral purity was always expected from everyone even in your private life. A mutual respect in families was important to give example to the young ones. They were taking some values from the religions even though they didnt believe in them. One example was love you next like a brother, this line was said some where in the bible. They wanted to make man like the bible described how man should act between each other. Friendship and brotherhood among all people was essential for the type of society they were trying to achieve also racism was not accepted at all. Basically what whey wanted is that people chang e their morality to the set of rules they gave for a perfect communism, witch means create a perfect communist society. .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .postImageUrl , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:hover , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:visited , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:active { border:0!important; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:active , .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0 .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u609c78b04cd9d7cfa01a928461b806b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth: The Witches? Responsibility for Macbeth?s Essayb)The relationship between these values and the type of citizen that would be required in the future communist society is very easy to understand. The communism is a society base on the word commune witch means a community. If a community is helping each other and working together they must have rules to follow so this society does work and succeed well. The values promoted by the communist party were necessary for the achievement of their goal witch was perfect communism because we all know they didnt go that far at all. USSR were in the stage of socialism witch was just before communism. The communist party knew tha t the most important thing for the achievement of communism was to change the way people think and their values, thats the reason those rules were important because they were changing your values and what your been thought. Without these rules there is no way USSR could have a chance one day to become a communist party. In 1961 the communist party wrote its Party Program called The moral code of the builder of communism which shows how people should behave to be able Bibliography:

Literary Analysis About “Hills Like White Elephants” free essay sample

She apparently wants to have the baby and settle down to a normal life, but he wants her to abort their baby so that they can continue their adventures for the world. The girl and the American desperation revels the necessity of taking responsibility for the one’s own life. The theme, character and symbols of the role of the woman in Hills like White Elephants, are helpful to discuss the story because many sides of being a woman are shown, even though there hourglass are only two female characters. The theme in this story is talking versus communication. Hills like White Elephants are a short story about a conversation between the American man and his girlfriend. Neither of the speakers can communicate with the other. The story is mostly about how they discuss the issue, what choices they explore, what choices they do not explore, and how they go to get a clear resolution about the issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis About â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both persons are talking, but neither wants to understand the other’s point of view of the issue. The American man is trying to convince the girl to have an operation, which is understood to be an abortion that never mentioned by this name in the story. He tells her he loves her, and that everything between them will go back to the way it used to be. Meanwhile, she wants the child, she knows that have a child will destroy their relationship, and if she goes through with the abortion their relationship will alter radically. Here is somewhat that the girl and the American reaches a crucial point, If Jig gives in to her lovers wishes, their live cannot, as she well knows, be the same as before (Wyche 59). They struggle to communicate their opposing viewpoints on the course their relationship should take. But the story ends without clear resolution, so this does not show is they manage to find common ground. The character of the woman in Hills like White Elephants is less assertive and persuasive. According with the literary criticism of Paul Rakin that says, â€Å"The story emerges as a series of parries that demonstrate the girl’s superiority is terms of her cognitive and cognitive intelligence, as well as her experience, her scathing wit, and her facility with ironic sarcasm† (Rakin 234). She appears confused and mentally/emotional weak. She is unclear about what she wants and needs, and she is unable to make up her mind. She is unfamiliar with the language of Spain. Everything she does in influenced by the American man, in fact she cannot order drinks from the bartender on her own without having to rely on the man’s ability to speak Spanish. She is seen as a victim of the American man. She looks like a woman forced into having an abortion against her will. She is unlikely to encounter even the limited insight and empathy that a well-intentioned, loving man might provide alone with the American. She has an ability to take in her surroundings and find ways to diffuse the mans anger as are showing here, â€Å"She makes another observation and changes the subject† (Rakin 235). She could also expect a wide variety of assistance if she did choose to raise a child on her own. She wants to accept the new identity of being parent, while he wants to reject it. She is willing to try new things, but she doesnt know what is right or not. The symbols in this story are vague leaving much to interpretation and imagination for the reader. These symbols from the story are the hills, white elephants, and the railroad station. The hills symbolize big obstacles that she must climb, but they are not enormous mountains. This represents the fact that the girls baby is a major obstacle in her life and the Americans life, but it is not the end of their life. She thinks they could make it through, but he doesnt wants to accept it. Hills are beautiful and natural. In other words, they have always been in the same place, and they will always be that way they are. This shows that being pregnant is no simple thing. It also shows how the girl and the American settling down would be a necessity with a baby. In spite of the girls decision, it is not something that the girl and the American man will be able forget about. The white elephants symbolize the girls unborn child. This is the reality of what Jig is going through. She has a baby which is, at this time in her life, useless to her. This story uses this play on words to develop the idea of Jigs possibility of having an unexpected child. The girl later retracts the observation, so this means that she wants to keep the baby after all. This can be thought of as the image of the swollen breasts and abdomen of a pregnant woman, and the prenatal dream of mother. The symbol of the railroad station is symbolic of being at the crossroads of life during a time of crisis. The American man and the girl cannot stay at the station forever because they are traveling and there will be change. This is symbolizes the decision of whether or not to keep the child. There must be a decision of where to go next, either keep or abort the child is a difficult decision. In conclusion, Hills like White Elephants are a story about crisis. The American and the woman have a relationship, and they have been traveling for Europe. They are talking about an operation sitting at the train station.

Bio Experiment Light Intensity Essays

Bio Experiment Light Intensity Essays Bio Experiment Light Intensity Essay Bio Experiment Light Intensity Essay Research question : How does the different light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants? Objective : To investigate the relationship between different light intensity (by having the source of light at different distance to the plant discs which is at; 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, and 35cm ) and rate of photosynthesis of plant. Introduction : Photosynthesis is the process where light energy is absorbed by green plants to convert the raw materials (carbon dioxide and water) into sugars and oxygen (waste product). This conversion can be summarized into the equation below: Raw materials Products 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 (light energy) waste product Referring to the above equation, it can be seen that light energy plays the role as the source of energy stimulating the process of photosynthesis. The main pigment that absorbs light energy is chlorophyll which is the green pigment found inside chloroplasts. A green leaf cut out into discs of the same size are used in this experiment. This experiment is carried out to discover how different intensity would affect the rate of photosynthesis. Hypothesis : As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Variables : Variables| Ways of controlling| Independent variable :The distance of the source of light energy to the plant discs (light intensity). | Use different distance in each experiment by measuring using a 1 m ruler. The different distance are 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, and 35cm. Dependent variable :Rate of photosynthesis | The rate of photosynthesis in each experiment is calculated by using the formula ;1tt = the time taken for each plant discs to float on the surface of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate measured by using a stopwatch. | Controlled variable : * Number of plant discs used in each experiment * Concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution * Volume of sodium hydrogen carbonate used * Size of plant discs * Source of light| Bu sing a cork borer, 5 discs measuring 8 mm in diameter each are cut out from the same leaf for each experiment. Each experiment uses a set of 5 plant discs). Use the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution of 3% concentration only for each experiment. Use only 10ml of sodium hydrogen carbonate in each experiment measured by using a 20ml syringe. The plant discs are cut out by using the same cork borer with each of them having the diameter of 8mm each measured with 15cm ruler. The same desk lamp and its bulb is used in each experiment. | Table 1 : List of variables and ways to control them Materials and apparatus : Materials and Apparatus| Quantity| Volume/size| Fresh green leaf| 1| 5 of 8mm discs for each experiment| 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution| 1 reagent bottle| 20ml for each experiment| Desk lamp| 1| -| syringe| 6| 20 ml| Stopwatch| 1| -| 1m ruler| 1| -| 15cm ruler| 1| -| Cork borer| 1| -| beaker| 66| 100ml50ml| White tile| 1| -| Measuring cylinder| 1| 100 ml| Table 2 : list of materials and apparatus, their quantities, and volume or size used in the experiment. Methodology: 1. The distance between the bottom of the light bulb (from the desk lamp) and the surface of the laboratory table is adjusted at 10 cm. The lamp was turned on, and all other source of light was turned off. 2. 20 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was measured by using a 100 ml measuring cylinder and then was poured into a 100 ml beaker. 3. 10 ml of the 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was transferred into a 20ml syringe. 4. 5 of approximately 8mm in diameter each plant discs were cut out from the same green leaf by using a cork borer. 5. A thumb or any finger was placed over the hole at the tip of the syringe to hold its content while the plunger is slowly pulled out. 6. The 5 plant discs are put into the syringe containing 10 ml of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The plunger was then slowly pushed back inside the syringe while still keeping the finger or thumb over the hole at the tip of the syringe. 7. The finger was then removed to expel the excess air inside the syringe by pushing the plunger forward slowly. 8. Then, the finger was placed back again on the hole at the tip of the syringe, and the plunger is pulled in to compress the remaining content in the syringe. 9. The plunger was pulled slowly until it came out and the content in the syringe was poured into a 50 ml beaker. 0. The beaker was then quickly placed below the light bulb and a stopwatch was simultaneously started. 11. The time taken for each plant disc to float on the surface of the 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was recorded. 12. Steps 1-11 were repeated with the distance of 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, and 35cm. 13. All data were recorded, and tabulated. Results : * Quant itative data Distance between source of light energy to plant discs, cm ( ±0. 05 cm)| Time taken for plant discs to float on the surface of sodium hydrogen carbonate, s ( ±0. 1 s)| | Trial 1| Trial 2| Disc 1(reading 1)| Disc 2(reading 2)| Disc 3(reading 3)| Disc 4(reading 4)| Disc 5(reading 5)| Disc 1(reading 6)| Disc 2(reading 7)| Disc 3(reading 8)| Disc 4(reading 9)| Disc 5(reading 10)| 10. 00| 655. 0| 960. 0| 1170. 0| 1470. 0| 1835. 0| 1110. 0| 1280. 0| 1350. 0| 1370. 0| 1440. 0| 15. 00| 1212. 0| 1590. 0| 1490. 0| 1812. 0| 1856. 0| 1214. 0| 1350. 0| 1490. 0| 1710. 0| 1736. 0| 20. 00| 1530. 0| 1600. 0| 1610. 0| 1730. 0| 1950. 0| 1651. 0| 1700. 0| 1710. 0| 2026. 0| 2130. 0| 25. 00| 1720. 0| 1790. 0| 1820. 0| 1916. 0| 2066. 0| 1780. 0| 1950. 0| 2000. 0| 2410. 0| 2480. | 30. 00| 2110. 0| 2150. 0| 2240. 0| 2420. 0| 2750. 0| 2180. 0| 2250. 0| 2412. 0| 1570. 0| 2780. 0| 35. 00| 2411. 0| 2426. 0| 2483. 0| 2723. 0| 3057. 0| 2533. 0| 2566. 0| 2661. 0| 3503. 0| 3310. 0| Table 3 : Distan ce between source of light energy to plant discs, and time taken for plant discs to float on the surface of sodium hydrogen carbonate for trial 1 and 2. * Qualitative data 1. The leaf was green in colour, was quite thick, and felt a little spongy when discs were being cut out from it using a cork borer. 2. Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is a colourless solution. 3. Bubbles were seen surrounding the plant discs when the plunger was being pulled to compress the contents in the syringe. 4. Bubbles were also seen forming during the wait for the plant discs to float as they were photosynthesizing. * Data processing Distance between source of light energy to plant discs, cm ( ±0. 05)| Light intensity(cm-2)| Uncertain-ty for light intensity| Average time taken for plant discs to float (s), ( ±0. 1s)| Overall average time taken for plant discs to float (s)( ±0. 1s)| Standard deviation| Rate of photosynthesis(s-1)| Standard error| | | | Trial 1| Trial 2| | | | | 10. 00| 1. x 10 | 5. 0 x 10 | 1218. 0| 1310. 0| 1264. 0| 3. 2 x 10 ? | 7. 9 x 10 | 6. 3 x 10 | 15. 00| 4. 4 x 10 | 1. 5 x 10 | 1592. 0| 1500. 0| 1546. 0| 2. 4 x 10 ? | 6. 5 x 10 | 4. 2 x 10 | 20. 00| 2. 5 x 10 | 6. 3 x 10 | 1684. 0| 1843. 4| 1763. 7| 2. 0 x 10 ? | 5. 7 x 10 | 3. 2 x 10 | 25. 00| 1. 6 x 10 | 3. 2 x 10 | 186. 40| 2124. 0| 1993. 2| 2. 6 x 10 ? | 5. 1 x 10 | 2. 5 x 10 | 30. 00 | 1. 1 x 10 | 1. 8 x 10 | 2334. 0| 2238. 4| 2236. 2| 3. 5 x 10 ? | 4. 5 x 10 | 2. 0 x 10 | 35. 00| 8. 2 x 10 | 1. 1 x 10 | 2620. 0| 2914. 6| 2767. 3| 3. 9 x 10 ? | 3. 6 x 10 1. 3 x 10 | Table 4 : Distance between source of light energy to plant discs, light intensity, uncertainty for light intensity, average time taken for plant discs to float, overall average time taken for plant discs to float, standard deviation, rate of photosynthesis, and standard error. * Light intensity (cm ) is calculated by using the formula: 1(Distance between source of light energy to plant discs)? For example on 10. 00 cm distance : = 110. 00? = 1. 0 x 10 (for the rest of the light intensity values, please refer to table 4) * Uncertainty for light intensity : ight intensity=1(Distance between source of light energy to plant discs)? ? light intensitylight intensity = ? Distance between source of light energy to plant discsDistance between source of light energy to plant discs+? 11 ? light intensity = ? Di stance between source of light energy to plant discsDistance between source of light energy to plant discs x light intensity For example on 10. 00cm distance : ? light intensity = 0. 05 cm10. 00 cm x 1. 0 x 10 = 5. 0 x 10 ( For the rest of the uncertainty of light intensity, please refer to table 4 ) * Average time taken for plant discs to float in trial 1 and 2 (s) : Average time taken in trial 1 = reading 1+ reading 2+ reading 3+ reading 4 + reading 55 Average time taken in trial 2 = reading 1+ reading 2+ reading 3+ reading 4 + reading 55 For example on 10. 00 distance : Average time taken in trial 1 = 655. 0 + 960. 0 + 1170. 0 + 1470. 0 + 1835. 0 5 = 1218. 0 s Average time taken in trial 2 = 1110. 0 + 1280. 0 + 1350. 0 + 1370. 0 + 1440. 0 5 = 1310. 0 s (for the rest of average time taken for plant discs to float in trial 1 and 2, please refer to table 4) * Overall average time taken for plant discs to float (s) : Overall average time take or plant discs to float = Average time taken in trial 1+ Average time taken in trial 22 For example on 10. 00cm distance : Overall average time take for plant discs to float = 1218. 0 +1 310. 02 = 1264. 0 s ( For the rest of the overall average time taken for plant discs to float, please refer to table 4) * Standard deviation : SD=reading 1-overall average2n-1+reading 2-overall average2n-1+†¦+(reading 10 -overall average2n-1) For example on 10. 00 cm distance : =655. 0-1264. 029+960. 0-1264. 029+†¦+(1440. 0-1264. 029) = 3. x 10? ( For the rest of the standard deviation, please refer to table 4 ) * Rate of photosynthesis (s ) : = 1(overall average time taken for plant discs to float, s) For example on 10. 00 cm distance : =1(1264. 0 s) = 7. 9 x 10 ( For the rest of the rate of photosynthesis, please refer to table 4) * Standard error : rate of photosynthesis=1overall average time taken for plant discs to float, s Rate of photosynthesis ? rate of photosynthesisrate of photosynthesis = ? overall average time taken for plant discs to floatoverall average time taken for plant discs to float+? 11 ? rate of photosynthesis = ? verall average time taken for plant discs to floatoverall average time taken for plant discs to float x For example on 10. 00cm distance : ? rate of photosynthesis = 0. 1 s1264. 0 s x 7. 9 x 10 = 6. 3 x 10 ( For the rest of the standard error, please refer to tab le 4) Graph 1 : graph of light intensity against rate of photosynthesis. Discussion : Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use the energy of sunlight to produce sugars from the inorganic raw materials of carbon dioxide and water. In this experiment, we are trying to find the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of plant. Theoretically, the rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to light intensity up to certain point; as in graph below: Rate of photosynthesis X Light intensity Graph 2: Theoretical graph of relationship between light intensity and rate of photosynthesis As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases up to a certain (point X) and then the graph will remain plateau. A further increase in light intensity (beyond point X) does not increase the rate of photosynthesis because of limiting factor such as concentration of carbon dioxide and temperature. However, this is not the exact case in this experiment. As we can see from the graph of light intensity against rate of photosynthesis, there is no constant reading (the readings continued to increase from 3. 6 x 10 s to 7. 9 x 10 s ) which means that the photosynthesis process in this experiment have not reached it’s the maximum point yet. When chlorophyll other pigments in the plant discs absorbs light, electrons becomes excited and the chlorophyll is also photoactivated. As more light is absorbed, more electrons can be boosted to higher level energy, and eventually the production oxygen is also vigorous. Hence, we can say that the rate of photosynthesis increases as chlorophyll absorbs more light. This explains why the first three points in the graph of light intensity against rate of photosynthesis produces a much steeper line. In this experiment, we can also see that although the plant discs were placed inside the sodium hydrogen carbonate at the same time, they still photosynthesize at different rate. This is because the discs are taken from taken from different part of the leaf. The side part of the leaf contains more spongy mesophyll cell and palisade mesophyll cell compared to the centre part of the leaf. The part which contain more spongy mesophyll cell and palisade mesophyll cell would have higher rate of photosynthesis as they are rich in chloroplast. As there are more chloroplast, there would be more absorption of light photons; leading t higher rate of photosynthesis when compared to the discs taken from the centre part of the leaf. As for the method of the experiment, air are expelled from the syringe containing the plant discs at the beginning of the experiment to ensure that each disc would have no gas in them initially; especially carbon dioxide. Once all plant discs are placed in the solution, the beaker containing them is put under the desk lamp, and a stopwatch is immediately started. When the plant disc starts to float on to the surface, it shows that photosynthesis has occurred and the presence of gas inside the cell causes the density of the disc to decrease; allowing it to float. The small bubbles seen are actually the release of oxygen gas as a result of photosynthesis. Limitations and suggestion : Limitation| Suggestion | The range between the 1st reading and the 10th reading of time taken for plant discs to float in each light intensity value varies with such great gap. | To avoid it, cut out the plant discs from the same area for all trials. Preferably, cut it out from the side of the leaf as that part contain lots of mesophyll cell (with lots of chloroplast; making it easier for photosynthesis to occur). | When expelling the air, some of sodium hydrogen carbonate tends to spill out too; leading to the decrease in volume of sodium hydrogen carbonate should be used. Hence the volume of carbon dioxide supplied which is supposed to be constant; became varied. | Expel the air on top of beaker containing the rest of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution so that when any of it inside the syringe leak out, it would drop inside the beaker itself; maintaining volume of carbon dioxide. | There is also presence of external source of light other than the desk lamp itself. The plant discs may have synthesized before they were put inside the beaker. This leads to unconvincing data. | All other source of light must be switched off before the experiment started. This will yield more accurate results. Some of the plant discs were stacked on each other when placed inside the beaker. Although this condition is already altered by moving them away from each other, the disc on top has received more light then the one below. | Before putting the beaker containing the plant discs under the desk lamp, make sure that the discs are not piled on top of each other by swirling the beaker a little. | Table 5 : limitations and suggestions Conclusion : From the experiment, it is proven that when light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases; while other factors remained constant. As light intensity increases, from 8. 2 x 10 cm to 1. 0 x 10 cm , the rate of photosynthesis of plant discs also increases from 3. 6 x 10 to 7. 9 x 10. The hypothesis is accepted. Reference : * MCB Biology HL students handbook (year 1) 2010 edition: page 192,193. * Alan Damon, Randy McGonegal, Patricia Tosto, William Ward : Heinemann Baccalaureate HL Biology,2007 for the IB diploma. * Biology for the IB DIPLOMA, by CJ Clegg,2008 by Hodder Education. * Biology Seventh Edition, by Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece, 2005 by Pearson.

American National Identity 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American National Identity 2 - Essay Example Since America is the superpower nation of the world, there is reason enough to believe such claims, and quite rightly so. The people are satisfied with their lives largely and do not like to mingle with the lives of others. In essence, America is a free world where every soul has the right to be free on his own and let others enjoy their freedom nonetheless (Schlesinger 1998). These are some of the most sought after aspects that America brings to the fore when one thinks of the superpower nation of the world, a nation which manifests success, growth, development and security matching none other. Even though the September 2001 attacks on the America were something totally out of the blue, the Americans feel safe more than ever. They know that their country is being protected from the evil forces which are widespread all over the world. They trust their government and they know that they have become the superpower nation of the world through a better and more resilient ideology than an y other country in the world (Schuck 2008). This has come about through a lot of hard work and dedication that the Americans have shown for their country, and the manner in which they have been cohesive is something that stands out in a head and shoulders scenario when one compares America with the rest of the nations around the globe (Huntington 2005). When one wants to know what the most significant factors are that make people to visit America, the answers seem ready and coming. This is because America is such a happening place that people would like to be there at any time. They would give up their homelands just to be in America – a place where they can dream to be in. There is a good amount of diversity that one can witness within America. This has meant that there are different races and communities that have started to live in America. It is because of this that there are several languages that are being spoken in the country. These have meant that English has started to break down and it has given rise to a number of languages in the different areas and states of America. This is true that people no longer need to learn English if they want to live in America or even visit it from time to time. There are so many ethnic communities widespread in America that one can make do with other languages as well, and thus live easily without a doubt. Also the fact that America allows people to enter into its different states and regions through a legal procedure is something that asks of people to cherish their stay as long as they are within America. The legal ramifications for the illegal visitors and immigrants is indeed very harsh and this is one of the reasons why Americans feel safe that unwanted intruders would not be able to enter into America. However on the flip side, America has more problems than any other country in the world. People have unequal chances of getting jobs, have basic problems like the rest of the world, and enter into health an d educational issues just like others. There is violence within certain states, one of which is Texas where many people die due to a number of negative incidents that have started to come to the fore (Bellah 1967). But all in all, America is a heaven to live within, and this has been proven time and again by the